ýòíè÷åñêèé ïñèõîëîãèÿ
ÐÏࡱá > þÿ $ & þÿÿÿ ! " # ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Á ð¿ ~v bjbjà à 1˜ ‚j ‚j “³ … & ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿ l Î Î Î ( ö * Æ# Æ# Æ# 8 þ# , *$ T * Bƒ ê Š$ Š$ " ¬$ ¬$ ¬$ Ñ/ Ñ/ Ñ/ m‚ o‚ o‚ o‚ o‚ o‚ o‚ $ ,… L‡ ’ “‚ i Ñ/ U/ | Ñ/ Ñ/ Ñ/ “‚ 58 ¬$ ¬$ ©
ü‚ 58 58 58 Ñ/ ¬$ ¬$ m‚ 58 Ñ/ m‚ 58 ¤ 58 Ù8 J y P Y‚ ¬$ ~$ €c’NƒÈ* œ Æ# ë4 m€ B Y‚ ƒ 0 Bƒ ¯€ ª Þ‡ 7 0 Þ‡ Y‚ 58 * * Ù 0 ?@020E @C:>?8A8
(0?>20;>20 :A0=0 !5@3552=0
-" ! &, + ! +
/ -" '! $"
0 9 . 0 0 . 1 1 A>F80;L=0O D8;>A>D8O
2B>@5D5@0B
48AA5@B0F88 =0 A>8A:0=85 CG5=>9 AB5?5=8
:0=4840B0 D8;>A>DA:8E =0C:
>AB>2- =0- >=C 2 0 0 8
01>B0 2K?>;=5=0 2 $ # « .6=K9 D545@0;L=K9 C=825@A8B5B»
0CG=K9 @C:>2>48B5;L: 4>:B>@ D8;>A>DA:8E =0C:, ?@>D5AA>@
C@10B>2 ;04828G
D8F80;L=K5 >??>=5=BK: 4>:B>@ D8;>A>DA:8E =0C:, ?@>D5AA>@
N1G5=:> 0A8;89 !5@35528G, 70254CNI89 :0D54@K D8;>A>D88 . "# ( )
4>:B>@ D8;>A>DA:8E =0C:, ?@>D5AA>@ (525;52 ;048;0528G,
70254CNI89 :0D54@K 8AB>@88 >AA88 8 02:07>2545=8O $ # « .6=K9 D545@0;L=K9 C=825@A8B5B»
54CI0O >@30=870F8O: >AB>2A:89 3>AC40@AB25==K9 AB@>8B5;L=K9 C=825@A8B5B
0I8B0 48AA5@B0F88 A>AB>8BAO « 1 1 » 0?@5;O 2 0 0 8 3. 2 1 0 . 0 0 G0A>2 =0 70A540=88 48AA5@B0F8>==>3> A>25B0 2 1 2 . 2 0 8 . 0 1 ?> D8;>A>DA:8F8>;>38G5A:8< =0C:0AB>2 =/ , C;. CH:8=A:0O, 1 6 0 , .$#, 0C4. 3 4 ) .
! 48AA5@B0F859 6=> >7=0:>=0;L=>9 =0CG=>9 181;8>B5:5 $ # « .6=K9 D545@0;L=K9 C=825@A8B5B» ( 3 4 4 0 0 6 , 3. >AB>2 =/ , C;. CH:8=A:0O, 4 8 )
2B>@5D5@0B @07>A;0= « _ _ _ » ==>3> A>25B0 0@8=>2 . .
)/ % " !" "+
:BC0;L=>ABL B520=8O >1CA;>2;5=0 CA8;82H8<8AO B5=45=F8O<8 @0728B8O 3>G8A;5==KE :>=D;8:B>2, ?@8G8=K :>B>@KE ;560B 2 @07=KE M:>=>;8B8G5A:8E, :C;LBC@=KE 8 4@C38E 2>76=>ABOE >B45;L=KE A>F80;L=KE 3@C??; ?@8 MB>< ?5@28G=K2>4>=D;8:B0E O2;O;8AL MB=8G5A:85 @07;8G8O. -B> >A>15==> 0:BC0;L=> 2 MB=8G5A:8 =5>4=>@>4=>9 A@545, 2 CA;>28OE =5@0728B>3> 3@0640=A:>3> >1I5AB20 8 =5CAB>9G82>9 45:@0B88, :>B>@K5 A53>4=O 8AA88.
0A?04 !>25BA:>3> !>N70 E0@0:B5@87>20;AO B5 =>2>>1@07>20==K5 3>AC40@AB20 8 @5A?C1;8:8 8A?KB0;8 =0 A515 A;54AB28O « F5?=>9 @50:F88» @0A?040, :>B>@0O 2K@060;0AL 2 AB@5AB020 40==KE 3>AC40@AB2 8 @5A?C1;8: 2 ;8F5 A0AB>OB5;L=KE =0F8>=0;L=>- 3>AC40@AB25==KE >1@07>20=89, B0: 8 @07;8G=KE =0F8>=0;L=KE 8 MB=8G5A:8E 3@C??.
081>;55 >BG5B;82> MB8 ?@>F5AAK 6=> =01;N40BL =0 !525@=>B>@K9 E0@0:B5@87C5BAO 2KA>:82=5;8MB=8G=>AB8. !>1KB8O ?>A;54=8E ;5B, B0:85 :0: 425 2>9=K 2 '5G=5, =0?@O65==0O A8BC0F8O 2 0@0G052>- '5@:5A88, =3CH5B88, 035AB0=5, :>B>@K5 A>?@>2>640NBAO ?>B>:0F80;L=KB@OA5=8OAB B5@@>@87<0 8 M:AB@5<87@F80;L=>- ?>;8B8G5A:89 D>=, E0@0:B5@87CNI89 A8BC0F8N >1I59 =0?@O65==>AB8.
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
!>2@5=, 345 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5?>;8B8G5A:85 :>=D;8:BK, :>B>@K5 A2O70=K A 2KA>:82=5F80;L=KE ?@>B82>@5G89 2 AD5@5 =0F8>=0;L=>- 3>AC40@AB25==>3> CAB@>9AB20, B=>H5=89, A ?>2KH5=854>2 2 85@0@E88 =0F8>=0;L=>- 3>AC40@AB25==KE >1@07>20=89. -B=8G5A:85 :>=D;8:BK :>=D;8:BK <564C MB=8G5A:81I=>ABO7=8:0NI85 ?> @07=>>1@07=K< ?@8G8=0F80;L=>- M:>=>B>@KE 2K42830NBAO B@51>20=8O 3@0640=A:>3> @02=>?@028O ( >B ?@02 3@0640=AB20 4> @02=>?@02=>3> M:>=>3> ?>;>65=8O) ; :C;LBC@=>- O7K:>2K5, ?@8 :>B>@KE 2K42830520=8O 70B@03820NB ?@>1;5E@0=5=8O 8;8 2>7@>645=8O DC=:F88 O7K:0 8 :C;LBC@K MB=8G5A:>9 >1I=>AB8; ?>;8B8G5A:85, 5A;8 CG0AB2CNI85 2 =8E MB=8G5A:85 1820NBAO ?>;8B8G5A:8E ?@02 ( >B 02B>=><88 @30=>2 2;0AB8 4> ?>;=>3> :>=D545@0;87@80;L=K5 =0 >A=>25 B@51>20=89 87548=5=8O : 4@C3>4AB25==>- 8AB>@8G5A:>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O, 3>AC40@AB2C 8;8 A>740=8O =>2>3> =57028A83> 3>AC40@AB20.
:>=G0B5;L=> @07@5H8BL B>B 8;8 8=>9 :>=D;8:B =5;L7O. >:0 ACI5AB2CNB MB=>AK, ?5@8>48G5A:8 1C4CB 2>7=8:0BL ?@>B82>@5G8O 2 8E 2708459AB28OE. @>OA=5=85 ACI=>AB8 MB8E ?@>B82>@5G89 =52>76=> 157 87CG5=8O A8;8G5A:8E D>@9 =0F8>=0;L=>9 :C;LBC@K. !?5F8D8:0 MB=>A0 A>?@O65=0 A> A?5F8D8:>9 :C;LBC@K, :>B>@CN >=0 A>7405B. MB8E CA;>28OE @57:> ?>2KH0NBAO 0:BC0;L=>ABL 8 7=0G8ABL =0F8>=0;L=>- :C;LBC@=KE CAB0=>2>:, F5==>AB=>- A8;8G5A:8E 0A?5:B>2 1KB8O =0F8>=0;L=KE A>F8C2, A?5F8D8G5A:8E >A>15==>AB59 :>=:@5B=KE MB=>A>2.
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
!@548 02B>@>2, 2=5AH8E 7=0G8B5;L=K9 2:;04 2 >AF80;L=>- ?>;8B8G5A:>9 ?@8@>4K 8 A?5F8D8:8 MB=8G5A:8E :>=D;8:B>2, 6=> 2K45;8BL . "8H:>20, :>B>@K9 405B >?@545;5=85 MB=8G5A:>3> :>=D;8:B0 :0: ;N1>9 D>@3>, ?>;8B8G5A:>3> 8;8 2>>@C65==>3> ?@>B82>1>@AB20, 2 :>B>@>@>=K 18;87CNBAO, 459AB2CNB 8;8 AB@040NB ?> ?@87=0:C MB=8G5A:8E @07;8G89.
. 4@02>2 AG8B05B, GB> >4=>9 87 >A=>2=KE ?@8G8= A>2@59 MB=8G5A:>9 :>=D;8:B=>AB8 O2;O5BAO « C42>5=85 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> ?@>AB@0=AB20» 2 A>2@59 >AA88, :>B>@0O E0@0:B5@87C5BAO, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K, >1I8=AB8BCF8>==K@<09 :>=:@5B=K;8B8G5A:8<8 A8;0<8 =0 =0E, :>B>@K5 70G0ABCN >A=>2K20NBAO A>2A59 70:>=>40B5;L=>9 1075, 0 ?>@>N 70 ?@545;0=0.
=>385 02B>@K, B0:85 :0: .. 0?@C4A:89, . 0F=52, . 20=>2 8 4@C385 AG8B0NB, GB> <56MB=8G5A:85 8 =0;L=K5 :>=D;8:BK O2;ONBAO @07=>284=>ABLN A>F80;L=KE :>=D;8:B>2. B> 65 2@5;0305B, GB> =0;L=K5 :>=D;8:BK =081>;55 3>3@0==K 8 3>D0:B>@=K ?> A@02=5=8N A MB=8G5A:83;>I0NB @07;8G=K5 MB=8G5A:85 ?@87=0:8 >1I=>AB8 8 ?@8G8=K 8E ?@>O2;5=8O.
7CG5=85 2>?@>A>2 C?@02;5=8O <56MB=8G5A:8=D;8:B03=>78@>20=85 O2;ONBAO 206=>9 B5>@5B8G5A:>9 8 ?@0:B8G5A:>9 7040G59. AA;54>20=8N MB>9 7040G8 ?>A2OB8;8 A2>8 B@C4K !. >?>2, . !>A=8=, . 0;0H=8:>2, !. 'C2, . 0=0:8= 8 385 4@C385.
=>385 8AA;54>20B5;8 @0AA8E @01>B0E ?>GB8 2A5 0A?5:BK ?@8G8==>- A;54AB25==KE D0:B>@>2 DC=:F8>=8@>20=8O MB=8G5A:>3> :>=D;8:B0. 4=0:> 5A;8 45;0BL 0:F5=B B>;L:> =0 >?@545;5=88 :>=D;8:B0 :0: B0:>2>3>, =0?@O65==>AB8, 4578=B53@0F88, @0A?045 8 B. 4. , B> MB8E20BK205BAO 25AL A?5:B@ 2 >1;0AB8 ?@>3=>78@>20=8O, ?@>B5:0=8O 8 @07@5H5=8O MB=>:>=D;8:B=>9 A8BC0F88. >MB> =0H5<C 1E>48 CG8BK20BL B0:65 8 3>>1@0785 MB=>A>F80;L=KE A8;>2, ?>A@54AB2>B>@KE 6=> ?@>3=>78@>20BL 2>7=8:=>25=85 3> :>=D;8:B0.
&5;8 8 7040G8 8AA;54>20=8O 87CG8BL A>F8>:C;LBC@=K5 >A>15==>AB8 3> 2708459AB28O 8 2KO28BL MB=>A>F80;L=K5 A8;K, :>B>@K5 O2;ONBAO >4=8:070B5;59 70@>645=8O 3> :>=D;8:B0.
;O 4>AB865=8O MB>9 F5;8 1K;8 ?>AB02;5=K A;54CNI85 7040G8:
- >?@545;8BL ?>=OB85 MB=>A>F80;L=>3> A8;0, :0: A>F8>:C;LBC@=>3> ?@>F5AA0;
- 8AA;54>20BL ?@>F5AA 2>7=8:=>25=8O MB=>A>F80;L=KE A8;>2 2 A>F8>:C;LBC@=>=B5:AB5;
- >ACI5AB28BL A8AB5A>F80;L=KE A8;>2 3> :>=D;8:B0;
- >E0@0:B5@87>20BL >A>15==>AB8 @07;8G=KE MB=>A>F80;L=KE A8;>2 :0: ?>:070B5;59 70@>645=8O MB=8G5A:>3> :>=D;8:B0;
- 2KO28BL 7=0G5=85 MB=>A>F80;L=KE A8;>2 2 >1;0AB8 ?@>3=>78@>20=8O 8 2>76=>3> ?@54C?@5645=8O MB=8G5A:>3> :>=D;8:B0.
1J5:B>20=8O 2KABC?0NB MB=>A>F80;L=K5 ?@>F5AAK, A2>9AB25==K5 A>2@51I5AB2C.
@5420=8O MB=>A>F80;L=K5 A8;K, E0@0:B5@87CNI85 70@>645=85 3> :>=D;8:B0 2 MB=>A>F80;L=KE ?@>F5AA0E.
"5>@5B8:>- 4>;>38G5A:0O >A=>20 48AA5@B0F88. A2O78 A C:070==>9 >A=>2=>9 F5;LN 8 8AA;54>20B5;LA:8<8 7040G0;L7CNBAO >1I85 8 A?5F80;L=K5 A>F80;L=>- D8;>A>DA:85, A>F8>;>38G5A:85, MB=>;>38G5A:85, ?>;8B>;>38G5A:85 8 4@C385 ?>7=020B5;L=K5 4K, 2 A2>59 A8AB51@07CNI85 4>;>38N 8AA;54>20=8O. "0:, 4;O 0=0;870 ?@>F5AA0 2>7=8:=>25=8O 8 DC=:F8>=8@>20=8O MB=>A>F80;L=KE A8;>2 2 @01>B5 8A?>;L7>20=K A>F8>?A8E>;>38G5A:85, MB=>3@0D8G5A:85 4K 8 4K 8AB>@8:>- MB=>;>38G5A:>3> 8 A>F8>;>38G5A:>3> 0=0;870 2 @0<:0E A8AB53> ?>4E>40. @8 ?>I8 DC=:F8>=0;L=>- 35=5B8G5A:>3> ?>4E>40 2 @01>B5 2K45;5=0 8 >E0@0:B5@87>20=0 A>F8>:C;LBC@=0O A@540 DC=:F8>=8@>20=8O MB=8G5A:>9 >1I=>AB8, 2 ?@>F5AA5 2708459AB28O :>B>@>9 2>7=8:0NB MB=>A>F80;L=K5 A8;K.
=0;87 ?@8@>4K MB=>A8;>2, 8E ?>=OB89=>9 8 ;>38G5A:>9 AB@C:BC@K A2O70= A 4>;>3859 A>F80;L=>- D8;>A>DA:>3> 8 MB=>?A8E>;>38G5A:>3> 7=0=8O, 0 B0:65 A ;>38G5A:8<8 40<8 A8AB5?@545;5=8O.
@8 0=0;875 MB=>A>F80;L=KE A8;>2 :0: ?>:070B5;59 70@>645=8O MB=8G5A:>3> :>=D;8:B0 48AA5@B0=B 8A?>;L7>20; B0:65 4K :>=D;8:B>;>388 8 ?@0:B8G5A:>9 ?>;8B>;>388.
?@>F5AA5 @01>BK A>8A:0B5;L 8A?>;L7>20; D0:B8G5A:89 B45;L=K5 8458 8 :>=F5?BK, 70A;C6820NI85 2=825@5==K5 >?KB>@88, A>45@60I85AO C >B5G5AB25==KE 8 70@C156=KE 8AA;54>20B5;59 @07=KE =0?@02;5=89. @5645 2A53> MB> >B=>A8BAO : 845OA=>20B5;59 A>F80;L=>9 :>=D;8:B>;>388 :0: B5>@88 . >C;48=3C, . 0@5=4>@DC 8 . >75@C. ;O ?>4B25@645=8O B5E 8;8 8=KE A2>8E ?>;>65=89 48AA5@B0=B>;L7>20;8AL @01>BK >B5G5AB25==KE :>=D;8:B>;>3>2: . 2:A5=BL520, .. @CBN=O=0, . 5=8A>2>9, . 4@02>20, . !8:528G, . "8H:>20 8 4@. >;LHCN @>;L 2 D>@20=88 02B>@A:>9 :>=F5?F88 AK3@0;8 B@C4K . C, !. 8?A5B0, . C@8O, ". 0@A>=A0 8 4@C38E >B5G5AB25==KE 8 70?04=KE CG5=KE.
8?>B570. ?5@8>4 :C;LBC@=>- F5==>AB=>3> 8;8 A>F80;L=>3> :@878A0 MB=8G=>ABL, @0AA<0B@8205A>F80;L=>< A8;8G5A:>=B5:AB5 :0: « A8AB5@2, F5==>AB59, 845>;>38G5A:8E ?>78F89 8 >F5=>:, >1J548=O5B G;5=>2 >4=>9 MB=8G5A:>9 3@C??K, >B;8G0O 8E >B 4@C38E, A>7405B A?5F8D8G5A:85 MB=>A>F80;L=K5 A8;K, A ?>ILN :>B>@KE >=0 70O2;O5B > A2>520=85 8 >1>A=>2K205B A2>8 :C;LBC@=>- A>F80;L=K5, ?>;8B8G5A:85 8 B5@@8B>@80;L=K5 ?@8BO70=8O, B5< A0<K2>F8@CO :>=D;8:B>35==CN >1AB0=>2:C 8, :0: A;54AB285, =D;8:B.
0CG=0O =>287=0 8AA;54>20=8O A>AB>8B 2 >1>A=>20=88 B>3>, GB> MB=>A>F80;L=K5 A8;K 3CB O2;OBLAO 8=48:0B>@0645=8O 3> :>=D;8:B0 2 >1I5AB25.
1>;55 :>=:@5B=>287=0 2K@0605BAO 2 B>:
- >?@545;5=> ?>=OB85 MB=>A>F80;L=>3> A8;0 :0: A>F8>:C;LBC@=>3> ?@>F5AA0, E0@0:B5@87CNI53>AO A>2>:C?=>ABLN A?5F8D8G5A:8E G5@B 8 >A>15==>AB59 MB=8G=>AB8, 2 B=>H5=89, 0 B0:65 2K7K20NI53> >B=>A8B5;L=> 548=>>1@07=CN @50:F8N =0 87F80;L=>9 459AB28B5;L=>AB8;
- 8AA;54>20=> 2>7=8:=>25=85 MB=>A>F80;L=KE A8;>2 ( :C;LBC@=>- O7K:>2KE, A>F80;L=>- ?A8E>;>38G5A:8E, A>F80;L=>- 453@0D8G5A:8E, A>F80;L=>- ?>;8B8G5A:8E, A>F80;L=>- M:>=>F5AA>645=8O 3> :>=D;8:B0 2 A>F8>:C;LBC@=>=B5:AB5;
- @07@01>B0=0 A8AB5A>F80;L=KE A8;>2 3> :>=D;8:B0, ?@>O2;ONI8EAO 2 ?@>F5AA5 3> 2708459AB28O 2 2845 :C;LBC@=>- O7K:>2KE, A>F80;L=>- M:>=>@80;L=KE 8 :>=D5AA8>=0;L=KE =D;8:B>2;
- @0A:@KBK >A>15==>AB8 :C;LBC@=>- O7K:>2KE, A>F80;L=>- ?A8E>;>38G5A:8E, A>F80;L=>- 453@0D8G5A:8E, A>F80;L=>- ?>;8B8G5A:8E, A>F80;L=>- M:>=>A>F80;L=KE A8;>2, :>B>@K5 2KABC?0NB >4=8:070B5;59 70@>645=8O =D;8:B>2;
- ?>:070=>, GB> ?@8 ?>I8 MB=>A8;>2 6=> B5>@5B8G5A:8 ?@>3=>78@>20BL 8 4803=>AB8@>20BL =0G0;L=CN AB048N 70@>645=8O 3> :>=D;8:B0.
A=>2=K5 ?>;>65=8O, 2K=>A8A>F80;L=K9 A8; ?@54AB02;O5B A>1>9 A>F8>:C;LBC@=K9 ?@>F5AA, E0@0:B5@87CNI89AO A>2>:C?=>ABLN A?5F8D8G5A:8E G5@B 8 >A>15==>AB59 MB=8G=>AB8, 2 B=>H5=89, 0 B0:65 2K7K20NI89 >B=>A8B5;L=> 548=>>1@07=CN @50:F8N =0 87F80;L=>9 459AB28B5;L=>AB8. -B=>A>F80;L=K9 A8;, O2;OOAL 9 845=B8G=>AB8, >B@0605B @07=>?>@O4:>2K5 ?> A2>59 7=0G8AB8 8 ?@8@>45 @07;8G=K5 :>=B5:ABK: 8AB>@8G5A:85 A>1KB8O 8 D0:BK, 8450;L=K5 8 A>F80;L=K5 O2;5=8O, :C;LBC@=>- MB=8G5A:85 >1@07K 8 A8;K. -B=8G=>ABL ?>A@54AB2>< A8;870F88 ;81> >A208205B A>F80;L=K9 87 GC6>3> 2 A2>9 A>1AB25==K9, ;81> 8A?>;L7C5B MB=>A>F80;L=K5 A8;K ( AB@5<;5=85 : =>MB=8G5A:>1I5=8N, A>740=85 MB=>35==KE 2 8 B. 4. ) :0: <5E0=87< A070I8BK >B C=8D8F8@>20==>AB8 8 =5AB018;L=>AB8 >:@C60NI59 A>F80;L=>9 A@54K.
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
5 . @8 ?@>3=>78@>20=88 8 4803=>AB8:5 =D;8:B>2 =5>1E>48 CG8BK20BL >A>15==>AB8 8 3>>1@0785 MB=>A>F80;L=KE A8;>2, ?>A@54AB2>B>@KE 2>76=> >?@545;8BL =0G0;L=CN AB048N 70@>645=8O MB=8G5A:>3> :>=D;8:B0, A>3;0A=> G5- O7K:>2K5 8 A>F80;L=>- ?A8E>;>38G5A:85 MB=>A>F80;L=K5 A8;K ?>O2;ONBAO 2 ?5@8>4 2>7=8:=>25=8O C3@>7K =0A8;LAB25==>3> @07@CH5=8O 9 8 4CE>2=>9 :C;LBC@K, A8AB5AB59 8 B@048F8>==KE =>@9 3@C??K. -B>B ?@>F5AA 2K7K205B 70I8B=K5 @50:F88 MB=8G5A:>9 >1I=>AB8, GB>, A>>B25BAB25==>, =5A5B 2 A515 :>=D;8:B>35==K9 ?>B5=F80;. !>F80;L=>- 453@0D8G5A:85 A8;K 2>7=8:0NB 2 ?@>F5AA5 0:B82=>9 MB=8G5A:> O2;O5BAO ?>:070B5;5?>;CG=>AB8 B=>H5=89 2 @538>=5. !>F80;L=>- ?>;8B8G5A:85 8 A>F80;L=>- M:>=><8G5A:85 A8;K 2>7=8:0NB 2 ?5@8>4 2>7@>645=8O MB=8G=>AB8, A>?@>2>640NI89AO ?>?KB:>9 70O28BL ?@02> =0 A0>?@545;5=85 A2>59 MB=8G5A:>9 3@C??K, 4>18BLAO 1>;LH59 ?>;8B8G5A:>9 2;0AB8 8 M:>=>9 CA?5H=>AB8 ?> A@02=5=8N A 4@C3>9 MB=8G5A:>9 3@C??>9. @>B82>@5G8O, 2>7=8:0NI85 <564C MB=8G5A:8<8 3@C??0F5AA5 4>AB865=8O 2;0AB8 8 :>=B@>;O =04 M:>=><8G5A:8<8 @5AC@A0A=>2>9 4;O 70@>645=8O 3> :>=D;8:B0.
"5>@5B8G5A:0O 8 =0CG=>- ?@0:B8G5A:0O 7=0G8ABL 48AA5@B0F8>==>3> 8AA;54>20=8O. 5@A?5:B820 @07@01>B:8 B5>@5B8G5A:8E 2>?@>A>2 DC=:F8>=8@>20=8O MB=8G5A:8E :>=D;8:B>2 A?>A>1AB2C5B 4>AB865=8N ?>=81JOA=5=8O ?@8G8= 2>7=8:=>25=8O :>=D;8:B>2, 0 B0:65 CA?5H=>3=>78@>20=8N 8 C?@02;5=8N 82=K5 ?>;>65=8O 8 <0B5@80;K 48AA5@B0F88 3CB 1KBL 8A?>;L7>20=K ?@8 40;L=59H8E 8AA;54>20=8OE ?@>F5AA>2 3> 2708459AB28O. K2>4K, ?>;CG5==K5 2 E>45 8AA;54>20=8O, 3CB AB0BL ?>=OB89=>- :>=F5?BC0;L=>9 8 4>;>38G5A:>9 >A=>2>9 4;O A>F8>;>38G5A:>3> 87CG5=8O 70@>645=8O 8 DC=:F8>=8@>20=8O 3> :>=D;8:B0 :0: B0:>2>3>.
0B5@80; 48AA5@B0F8>==>9 @01>BK 6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL ?@8 @07@01>B:5 :C@A>2 A>F80;L=>- D8;>A>DA:>9, A>F8>;>38G5A:>9 8 :C;LBC@>;>38G5A:>9 A?5F80;870F88, 0 B0:65 2 ?@5?>4020=88 A>>B25BAB2CNI8E CG51=KE 48AF8?;8= 8 A?5F80;L=KE :C@A>2.
?@>10F8O @01>BK. 57C;LB0BK 48AA5@B0F8>==>3> 8AA;54>20=8O >1AC640;8AL =0 4>;>38G5A:8E A52 8 A>8A:0B5;59 D0:C;LB5B0 A>F8>;>388 8 ?>;8B>;>388 >AB>2A:>3> 3>AC40@AB25==>3> C=825@A8B5B0 2 ?5@8>4 A 2 0 0 2 ?> 2 0 0 5 3. A=>2=K5 ?>;>65=8O 8 2K2>4K 48AA5@B0F88 87;>65=K 02B>@>< 6C@=0;5 « CF80;L=>- M:>=>20==>1I81J5?C1;8:>20==KE 2 5653>4=8:0E « :045AA89A:>9 B065==>9 0:045AB>2A:>3> D8;80;0 8 4@C38E =0CG=KE 8740=8OE, 2 2KABC?;5=88 =0 5653>4=>9 =0CG=>9 A5AA88 8 545;8 =0C:8 D0:C;LB5B0 A>F8>;>388 8 ?>;8B>;>388 ( >AB>2- =0- >=C, 2 0 0 4 3. ) . 0B5@80;K 48AA5@B0F8>==>9 @01>BK 8A?>;L7>20=K 2 CG51=>F5AA5 ?@8 GB5=88 ;5:F8>==KE :C@A>2 8 ?>43>B>2:5 : A5<8=0@A:8< 70=OB8OAB>2A:>AC40@AB25==>9 E0@0:B5@ 8AA;54>20=8O ?>72>;8; =0 >A=>25 >1>1I5=8O 8 0=0;870 M<?8@8G5A:8E 2 >ACI5AB28BL A8AB5A>F80;L=KE A8;>2, E0@0:B5@87CNI8E 2>7=8:=>25=85 3> :>=D;8:B0 2 ?@>F5AA5 3> 2708459AB28O.
!B@C:BC@0 @01>BK. 8AA5@B0F8O A>AB>8B 87 22545=8O, 42CE 3;02, 2:;NG0NI8E H5ABL ?0@03@0D>2, 70:;NG5=8O 8 A?8A:0 ;8B5@0BC@K.
! ! "+
> 2545=88 >1>A=>2K205BAO 0:BC0;L=>ABL B5==>3> 8AA;54>20=8O, 0=0;878@C5BAO AB5?5=L 55 =0CG=>9 @07@01>B0==>AB8 2 A>2@59 A>F80;L=>9 =0C:5, >?@545;ONBAO >1J5:B, ?@54<5B, F5;L, 7040G8, 4>;>38G5A:0O >A=>20 8AA;54>20=8O, @0A:@K205BAO =0CG=0O =>287=0 48AA5@B0F88, 55 B5>@5B8G5A:0O 8 ?@0:B8G5A:0O 7=0G8ABL, D>@A=>2=K5 ?>;>65=8O, 2K=>A89 3;025 « -B=8G5A:0O 845=B8G=>ABL: A>F80;L=>- D8;>A>DA:89 0=0;87 3> 2708459AB28O» , >ACI5AB2;5= 0=0;87 ?@8@>4K 8 A?5F8D8:8 MB=>A0 :0: B0:>2>3>, 87CG5=K A>F8>:C;LBC@=K5 >A>15==>AB8 3> 2708459AB28O.
?0@03@0D5 1 . 1 . « -B=>A, MB=8G5A:85 ?@>F5AAK 8 20=K A>F80;L=> 45B5@20==K5 >A=>2K MB=8G=>AB8, 87CG5=K MB=8G5A:85 ?@>F5AAK 8 7=0G5=85 MB=>A0 :0: A>F80;L=>9 @50;L=>AB8. /2;OOAL A;>6=>9 A>F80;L=>9 A8AB59, MB=>A 8<55B 4=>9 AB>@>=K, AE>4=KE A 4@C381I=>ABO9 2K45;ONI8E 53> A@548 =8E. ?@87=0:0<, 2K@060NI8< A8AB59AB20 ACI5AB2CNI53> MB=>A0 8 >B45;ONI8 >B 4@C38E, >B=>AOBAO O7K:, =0@>4=>5 8A:CAAB2>, B@048F88, >1KG08, =>@2545=8O. "0:81@07>A 6=> >?@545;8BL =5 B>;L:> :0: 548=>5 F5;>5, E0@0:B5@87CNI55AO >1I=>ABLN ?@>8AE>645=8O 8 B5@@8B>@859 @0AA5;5=8O, => 8 :0: A>2>:C?=>ABL :C;LBC@=KE A8;>2, 7=0:>2, :>4>2, >1>7=0G0NI8E A?5F8D8G5A:CN E0@0:B5@8AB8:C MB=8G5A:>9 3@C??K. MB8 :C;LBC@=K5 B>@K5 >B45;ONB >4=C :C;LBC@=CN >1I=>ABL >B 4@C3>9, 48DD5@5=F8@CNB ?>=OB85 MB=8G=>AB8.
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« B5=8» 2>9 ?>;8B8:8, 3CB 2=570?=> 2KE>48BL =0 0@5=C, B>340 :0: B5, :B> 1K; 2 M?8F5=B@5, 3CB AB>;L 65 2=570?=> CE>48BL 2 « B5=L» . "5=45=F88 : >1J548=5=8N MB=>A>2 ( 8 4065 8E A;8O=8N 2 =>2K9 MB=>A) A>G5B0NBAO A B5=45=F8O3> MB=>A0 =0 AC1MB=>AK A ?@52@0I5=85A;54=8E 2 =>2K5 A0AB>OB5;L=K5 MB=>AK) . "5=45=F88 : B@C4=8G5AB2C A>G5B0NBAO A B5=45=F8O<8 : <56MB=8G5A:8=D;8:B02K5 D>@<K 3> A>B@C4=8G5AB20 G0AB> ?@82>4OB : =>2K=D;8:B02K5 :>=D;8:BK : =>2K@<0B@C4=8G5AB20.
?0@03@0D5 1 . 2 . « -B=>:C;LBC@=0O 45B5@3> A0A>7=0=8O» ?@54?@8=OB 0=0;87 =081>;55 ACI5AB25==KE M;52 MB=8G5A:>3> A0A>7=0=8O, >?@545;5=K >A=>2=K5 AB@C:BC@=K5 :>=5=BK.
-B=8G5A:>5 A0A>7=0=85 A:;04K205BAO ?>4 2;8O=851I5 A>F80;L=KE, B0: 8 :C;LBC@=KE D0:B>@>2, GB>, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, 2>7459AB2C5B =0 A>F80;L=CN A@54C ?>A@54AB2>< A8AB5>1CA;>2;5==KE F5==>AB=KE >@85=B0F89, ?@8ACI8E AC1J5:BC A>F80;L=>3> 459AB28O. 0:@5?;5=85 MB=8G5A:>3> A0A>7=0=8O >1KG=> A>G5B05BAO A> AB@5<;5=859 3@C??K : A>740=8N A>1AB25==>9 3>AC40@AB25==>AB8, B. 5. A ?@>F5AA>1@07>20=8O» , =0 MB>5 A0A>7=0=85 ?5@5E>48B 2 =0F8>=0;L=>5. @03> 8AA;54>20=8O ?>=OB85 « MB=8G5A:>5 A0A>7=0=85» B@0:BC5BAO :0: « >B=>A8B5;L=> CAB>9G820O A8AB5A>7=0==KE ?@54AB02;5=89 8 >F5=>: @50;L=> ACI5AB2CNI8E MB=>48DD5@5=F8@CNI8E 8 MB=>8=B53@8@CNI8E :>=5=B>2 687=545OB5;L=>AB8 MB=>A0. 8B>35 D>@20=8O 40==>9 A8AB525: >A>7=05B A51O 2 :0G5AB25 ?@54AB028B5;O MB=8G5A:>9 >1I=>AB8» .
?A8E>;>38G5A:8A>15==>ABO9 >1I=>AB8 48AA5@B0=B >B=>A8B: =0F8>=0;L=K9 E0@0:B5@, =0F8>=0;L=K9 B5<?5@0A>F80;L=CN =0?@02;5==>ABL ( @0;L=K5 C15645=8O, F5==>AB=K5 >@85=B0F88, 273;O4K, 8450;K 8 B. ?. ) , A?5F8D8G5A:85 4;O MB=>A0 A?>A>1=>AB8. @8G5=OB85 « =0F8>=0;L=K9 E0@0:B5@»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
?>A;54=55 2@5=OB85 « =0F8>=0;L=K9 E0@0:B5@» @54:> 8A?>;L7C5BAO 2 MB=>A>F8>;>388 8 MB=>?A8E>;>388, =0 A<5=C 51>7=0G5=8O ?A8E>;>38G5A:8E >A>15==>AB59 MB=8G5A:8E >1I=>AB59 ?@8E>4OB ?>=OB8O « ABL» 8 « A=0AB:0» 70:;04K205BAO 2 ?@>F5AA5 2>A?8B0=8O 8 >1CA;>2;5=0 MB=8G5A:>9 :C;LBC@>9, ?>MB><C <5=B0;8B5B 6=> >B=5AB8 : @O4C A>F8>:C;LBC@=KE D5=>2. A>2@59 =0CG=>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 ?@545;O5BAO :0: =0;8G85 C ;N459, ?@8=04;560I8E : >4=>9 :C;LBC@5, >1I53> C3> 8=AB@C 405B 876=>ABL >B=>A8B5;L=> >48=0:>2> 2>A?@8=8A>7=020BL A2>5 ?@8@>4=>5 8 A>F80;L=>5 >:@C65=85 8 A020B5;L=>, 6=> CB25@640BL, GB> ?A8E>;>38G5A:85 >A>15==>AB8 MB=>A0, =5A>, O2;ONBAO 7=0G8<K< MB=8G5A:8F80;L=>9 3@C??K.
!;54CNI8=5=B>3> A0A>7=0=8O O2;O5BAO >A>7=0=85 B>645AB25==>AB8 A> A2>59 MB=8G5A:>9 >1I=>ABLN MB=8G5A:>9 845=B8G=>AB8. >4 MB=8G5A:>9 845=B8G=>ABLN 2 48AA5@B0F8>==>20=88 ?>=81I0O A8AB5 A>AB02;ONI8E MB=>:C;LBC@=>3> 9 >1I=>ABLN.
8AA5@B0=B>4G5@:8205BAO, GB> ?@8@>40 MB=8G=>AB8 48=05=85 MB=>:C;LBC@=>9 8=D>@D>@>8AE>48B :0: =5?@>872>;L=> ( 15AA>7=0B5;L=>ðàçäåëû
ðåøåòêà äðåíàæíûé
îáçâîí
áåãóùèé ñòðîêà
ñóøèëüíûé ìàøèíà electrolux
ðåøåòêà îöèíêîâàííûé
âûòÿæêà
ppg êðàñêà
braas
êîðïîðàòèâíûé îáñëóæèâàíèå
ïðîäàòü êàéò
äîñòàâêà ñóøà
õîññå êàðåðàñ áèëåò
sharp ar-m205
õîëîäèëüíûé àãðåãàò
ipsec
äåçèíôåêöèÿ áåëüå
ñâåòëîãîðñê
ñïåöîáóâü
ïðîâåäåíèå àíêåòèðîâàíèå
êóïèòü àóäèîïëååðû
êëåèòü 88 ëþêñ
êóïèòü ïê
òåííèñíûé ðàêåòêà
ôàêóëüòåò ïñèõîëîãèÿ
de luxe 5040.11
çàùèòíûé êðàñêà
ïîäãîòîâêà ielts
êîðâåò-òåëåêîì
ôèðìåííûé ôëàã
pki
êâàíòîâûé ìåäèöèíà
äîñòàâêà êàíöåëÿðèÿ
íàïûëåíèå ïïó
øòåíäåðû
ìåæäóíàðîäíûé êîíêóðñ äåáþòàíò
êóõîííûé òåõíèê
îõîòà áàáî÷êà
çàë àýðîáèêà
ïîñòàâêà õîëîäèëüíûé êàìåðà
ýëåêòðîòåëüôåð
ãëþêîçàìèí-õîíäðîèòèíîâûé êîìïëåêñ
èçãîòîâëåíèå êðàñêà
ëåíèíãðàäñêèé âîêçàë áèëåò
ïîäáîð õîëîäèëüíûé êàìåðà
ðîññèéñêèé ôëàã
òåïëîëþêñ
asus p505
äåòñêèé ìèð wow
êðàñíûé ïëîùàäü ìàâçîëåé
ýòíè÷åñêèé ïñèõîëîãèÿ